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Proteinum (-i, n.) est peptidum magnum, forma polymerica. Peptida constant in acidis aminicis (vide formulam generalem infra) a vinculis peptidicis connexis. Formula acidi aminicis est
H O
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H3N - C - C - O
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R
Vinculum peptidicum oritur quando radicalis hydrogenicus aminicus (-H) se iungit radicali hydroxyllico (OH) aquam excludens; vide figuram infra.
H O H R' O
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H3N - C - C - N - C - C - O + H2O
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R H
Proteina in cellulis duobus muneribus (structuralibus agentibusve catalyticis) funguntur. Quamobrem maxime necessaria sunt proteina vitae. Varietas proteinorum est ex ordine radicalium aminicorum in catena peptidica, et quantitate uniuscuiusque horum radicalium. Ergo, omnis cellula sua RNA et DNA utitur ut bene suas res gerat et DNA duplicationis vi se perpetuet.
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